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そもそも外道とは

「外道」について。まず辞書を引いてみましょう。

[前] 外道 in Böhtlingk (Sanskrit)

外道 in Monier-Williams (Sanskrit)

Monier,`Sanskrit English Dictionary',Oxford 1899. を引いてみます。

tīrthika m. an adherent or head of any other than one's own creed, Buddh.; Jain.
うーん。短い (-_-;

そこで関係した単語についても引いておこう。 (アクサン付きの単語につきましては、ここでは bold で示しておきました)

tīrtha, n. (rarely m., MBh.) a passage, way, road, ford, stairs for landing or for descent into a river, bathing-place, place of pilgrimage on the banks of sacred streams, piece of water, RV. &c.; the path to the altar between the Cātvāla and Utkara, ShaḍvBr. iii, 1 ; ĀśbŚr. iv,ix; ŚāṅkhŚr.; Lāṭy.; KātyŚr.; a channel, iv,8, Paddh.; the usual or right way or manner, TS.; ŚBr. xiv, (a-,xi); KātyŚr.; MBh. iv, 1411; the right place or moment, ChUp. viii; Anup. &c.; advice, instruction, counsel, adviser, preceptor, MBh. v; Mālav. i, 12/13; Kir. ii, 3; certain lines or parts of the hand sacred to the deities, Mn. ii; Yājñ. &c.; an object of veneration, sacred object, BhP.; a worthy person, Āp.; Mn. iii, 130; MBh. &c.; a person worthy of receiving anything (gen.), MānGṛ. i, 7; N. of certain counsellors of a king (enumerated in Pañcat. iii, 67/68), MBh, ii, 171; Ragh. xvii; Śiś. xiv; one of the ten orders of ascetics founded by Śaṃkarācārya (its members add the word tīrtha to their names); a brāhman, Uṇ. vṛ.; = darśana,L.; = yoga,L.; the vulva,L.; a woman's cources,L.; fire, Uṇ. vṛ.; = nidāna, ib.

[次] 外道 in Rhys Davids/Stede (Pali)